Abstract:

Advancements in technology and behavioural sciences have intensified interdisciplinary research in the area of lie detection methods. Traditional approaches, such as polygraphs, face criticism for their limitations. This article reviews the evolution of lie detection methods, from the historical development of polygraphy to modern techniques leveraging Artificial Intelligence (AI). The authors review the contributions of AI in areas such as magnetic resonance imaging, thermal imaging, and facial microexpressions. The focus is on assessing the potential and challenges of AI-based lie detection and examining the implications within the context of forensic and judicial applications. The article also discusses EU regulations  on AI, emphasizing the need for transparency, documentation, and risk assessment in forensic science.