Abstract:

Silvopastoralism is an ancestral land-use practice that combines extensive animal production with forestry, providing economic and environmental benefits. However, over the years, silvopastoralism has lost importance and practitioners, threatening both its continuity and the ecosystem services it provides. This study aims to understand the perceptions of agricultural stakeholders and farmers in Trás-os-Montes region regarding silvopastoral practices, identifying challenges to implementation and promoting their adoption. In this study, 60 anonymous surveys were conducted. The results showed that respondents emphasized the relevance of silvopastoralism in wildfire prevention, biodiversity conservation, and the promotion of sustainable natural resource management. Its application in mature forest areas and regions with high biomass is widely recognized by respondents, who consider these areas the most suitable for its implementation. In addition, factors such as the lack of technical support, low economic profitability, and limited awareness of research projects in the field have contributed to its reduced use. Another significant aspect that has emerged from this research is the valorization of autochthonous breeds, which are closely linked to silvopastoral practices and face preservation challenges as these practices decline. This study also highlights the need for a transformation of rural land management models, particularly through the creation of support mechanisms for producers in the practice of silvopastoralism. The future of silvopastoralism in Trás-os-Montes will depend not only on its ability to adapt to modern challenges, particularly by producers, but also on societal recognition of its ecosystem services and the political will to develop and enhance this activity.