Abstract:

This paper analyses the impact of artificial intelligence and automation on the changing labour market. It also addresses the issue of skill requirements in a modern, knowledge-based economy. The rapid pace of digitalisation and the development of advanced information systems, including AI, are clearly transforming employment structures in two key ways: by affecting both the number of jobs available and the nature of work itself. The aim of the paper is to review the relevant literature in order to outline the theoretical foundations of technology-driven labour market changes and to examine how the implementation of AI is associated with employment structures and workforce skills. The analysis is based on a comparative approach, drawing on economic and technological literature as well as labour market reports for Poland and Türkiye. Although these economies operate under different institutional conditions, they face similar technological challenges. The findings suggest that AI-driven automation primarily displaces routine jobs and those requiring low or medium levels of qualification. At the same time, it increases the importance of highly skilled workers and knowledge-based employees with advanced digital competencies. The paper also highlights the role of education, particularly lifelong learning and flexible education systems, as key tools for reducing labour market inequalities. The conclusions indicate that active public policy frameworks and investment in human capital are essential to ensure that technological progress leads to inclusive economic growth.