Abstract:

This article presents a comprehensive overview of the current state and development trends of assistive technologies designed to support people with visual impairments, with particular emphasis on their impact on autonomy, social inclusion, and access to digital information. The motivation for addressing this topic lies in the growing importance of digital innovation, artificial intelligence, and inclusive design in tackling global accessibility challenges and reducing inequality in access to information and communication. The review is based on an analysis of recent scientific literature and institutional reports issued by the World Health Organization, the European Commission, and leading research centers. The analysis encompasses a wide spectrum of assistive technologies, ranging from wearable and mobile solutions to advanced AI-based navigation and recognition systems, as well as voice interfaces and haptic feedback applications. Special attention is given to barriers to implementation, such as high costs, limited interoperability, insufficient user training, and ethical concerns related to data privacy and algorithmic bias. The article highlights the crucial role of user-centered and co-creation approaches in the design of inclusive technologies, supported by regulatory frameworks and public policies that promote universal accessibility. The conclusions emphasize that fully harnessing the potential of assistive technologies requires an interdisciplinary effort integrating engineering innovation, social sciences, and evidence-based policymaking. The article provides practical recommendations for researchers, designers, and policymakers aiming to foster a more inclusive digital ecosystem in Poland and worldwide.