Abstract:

The dynamic development of photovoltaic (PV) micro-installations and the electromobility sector in Poland faces the National Power System with significant challenges in energy balancing. The introduction of a net-billing model based on hourly prices exposes prosumers to financial losses caused by price cannibalization of energy generated from renewable energy sources. This article aims to assess the techno-economic and operational efficiency of Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) technology as a functional substitute for stationary energy storage systems (BESS) in Polish market conditions of net-billing and dynamic tariffs. The paper presents a case study of an electrified residential building (160 m²) with a daily energy demand of 16 kWh, integrated with a PV installation producing 6200 kWh/year and an electric vehicle with a 60 kWh gross battery capacity. The results of empirical simulations for a summer sunny day (34 kWh PV generation) demonstrate that implementing HEMS V2H management algorithms can increase the total energy self-consumption rate to 66%, reducing daily energy purchase costs by up to 94.6%. Despite barriers related to vehicle location instability and the lack of clear procedures for connecting mobile storage facilities by power grid operators, V2H technology is a highly engineering-effective tool for economic optimization and energy management in a prosumer PV microgrid.