Abstract:

Although the civilized world finds it difficult to accept, the terrorism phenomenon has become a reality with global implications, which is hard to prevent and manage. Many historical events were characterized by the use, or threat to use, of toxic substances and pathogens, presenting evidence which clearly demonstrates that certain individuals and terrorist groups have recently conducted research on biological agents or toxins, or tried to obtain these substances. Biological agents (such as bacteria, viruses and fungi) are easier to manipulate and transport than nuclear or conventional weapons and harder to detect as the symptoms of exposure can last from several hours to several days before occurring.  A terrorist possessing chemical or radiological weapons could kill hundreds or even thousands of people. With a biological arsenal, he could kill hundreds of thousands of people. In recent years, European Union public debates and press agencies started raising questions on the implications of migration crisis, political extremism, terrorism and other forms of hybrid threats on the global supply chains. These debates demand from the European authorities countermeasures to prevent the tragedies and the loss of human life. The police, the military, border services and other security agencies of European Union countries seek to strengthen cooperation in order to address the present challenges and to deter immediate risks. At the same time, the terrorist phenomenon affects not only the internal order of a state, but also its relations with other states and, in order to be prepared, we must have a clearer understanding of the challenges facing the European Union and its security architecture.