Abstract:

Almost all nations of the globe, regardless of the size of the territory, are faced with regional differentiation issues. The uneven development of territories leads to an increase in migration flows towards more prosperous ones as well as to increase in social strain in less developed regions and their further degradation. Considering the above, the authorities of all countries of the world note the problems of leveling the levels of social and economic development as a threat to economic and national security. Main part. The development of each state is associated with building relationships between central authorities and regional governments. In federal states and integration associations, the authorities are faced with the issue of ensuring the uniform development (as far as possible) of the entire territory. Thus, the challenge arises of ensuring balanced regional development. The main tools of state stimulation of regional development and equalization of the corresponding social and economic levels can be divided into two main types that are used in symbiosis: administrative and economic ones (some authors also distinguish social and psychological) [1]. Mechanisms and tools are built on the basis of the principles of regional development policy and mechanisms for their implementation [2]. In Russia, the state regional policy evolved through a number of stages, and the functions of governing bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation also transformed. Currently, the main tools for stimulating regional development are transfers and territories with special legal status, which can be attributed to economic mechanisms, while they are combined with administrative tools. In general, foreign and domestic experience proves that the state regulation of economic and social development and regional economic policy often give a much greater effect than a centralized impact. The most successful option is a coordinated combination of centralized and regional impact on business entities, in which the centralized impact plays a strategic, guiding role, and most economic and social tasks are implemented at the regional level through a specific social and economic policy of the regions [3]. Sustainable and balanced development of the national economy can be achieved only with the creation of the necessary conditions and prerequisites for the development of regional economic systems through the activation of endogenous factors [4]. The above requirements are implemented through the use of a set of instruments of state influence on the regional social and economic system.