Abstract:

The operation of organizations within a dynamically changing and complex environment requires managers to develop a range of competencies, including social, technical, and cognitive skills. This entails rational decision-making, responsiveness to market changes, and efficient resource utilization to meet stakeholder needs. Skills such as teamwork, diversity management, and social intelligence have become increasingly important (Zając, Prokopowicz, 2022, pp. 64-66). This shift promotes project-based management. The success of businesses now hinges on the execution of projects of varying scale and complexity, making project management competencies—such as organizing work, decision-making, and stakeholder communication—essential (Wiśniewska, J., 2014, pp. 71-73). Effective project implementation depends in part on managers' ability to analyze information, think logically, and solve problems, enabling value creation. J. Lonnblad and M. Vartiainen emphasize that the ability to execute strategy and work effectively with people forms the foundation of efficient management in modern organizations (Lonnblad, Vartiainen, 2012, pp. 33-36). In the face of rapidly changing conditions, managers must inspire teams while balancing the needs of the organization and its stakeholders, often requiring unpopular yet necessary actions (Kopertyńska, 2015, pp. 253-261).