Abstract:
Coal is a fossil fuel resource with the highest spreading in the world and a key pillar in the supply of electricity, providing over 40% of its electricity. It is also the second source of primary energy (after oil) and the first power source. The exploitation of coal resources is an essential activity for industrial development and the development of society, in general. As an energy source, from the early 21st century, coal production has grown rapidly, driven by growth of emerging economies (especially China). Coal production reached a record high of 7822.8 million tons in 2013, by 0.4% more than in 2012 [24]. According to the World Energy Council, estimates global coal reserves are at a level of 892 billion tons, which is equivalent to ensuring production for a period of 113 years. In addition to its direct role as energy resource, coal plays an important role in global sustainable development.
