Abstract:

A significant knowledge gap exists regarding seawater contamination levels in Oman. This lack of data hinders informed decision-making by stakeholders in various sectors, limiting effective management of coastal development, fishing activities, and water-based tourism. Oil and gas facilities, ports, and motorized watercraft contribute to oil contamination, with potential health and environmental impacts. This study, funded by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and Innovation (MOHERI), aims to address this critical gap by investigating the extent of contamination and exploring the innovative potential of shrimp shell waste as a sustainable bioremediation solution. A multi-phase approach includes seawater sampling from diverse Omani coastal locations (Qurum, Mutrah, Seeb, Sohar, Sur, Musandam, and Duqm) and subsequent laboratory analysis. Initial findings reveal the presence of significant contamination levels, underscoring the need for effective mitigation strategies. This research draws upon recent advancements in the treatment of crude-oil-contaminated seawater, emphasizing cutting-edge technologies and sustainable approaches. Techniques like nanotechnology (graphene oxide and magnetic nanoparticles) offer exceptional oil adsorption capacity. Bioremediation, including the use of genetically engineered microorganisms and novel bio-based materials, provides eco-friendly alternatives. Innovations like electrokinetic methods further enhance oil removal. Providing crucial data to stakeholders and exploring a waste-to-resource bioremediation strategy, this study will promote informed decision-making and minimize negative environmental and societal impacts in Oman. It contributes to the global effort to address marine pollution through interdisciplinary research and the development of integrated solutions.