Abstract:

This article focuses on the demographic processes taking place in rural areas in Poland and their social consequences. The text discusses key trends such as an ageing population, migration from rural to urban areas and a declining birth rate. Attention is drawn to the fact that, as a result of these changes, the population of rural municipalities is steadily declining, which has a significant impact on the social structure, local labour markets and access to public services.

The ageing of the population in rural areas leads to an increase in the need for health and social care, while also contributing to a reduction in the number of economically active residents. In turn, migration, especially among the younger part of the population, leads to depopulation in some regions, which has a negative impact on the development of local economies. Access to education and health services, which are often less developed in rural areas compared to cities, is also problematic.

The article also stresses that demographic changes may lead to the weakening of social ties and cultural traditions characteristic of the Polish countryside. The authors suggest that it is necessary to implement public policies that will support the development of rural areas, counteracting their marginalisation and supporting local communities in adapting to the changes taking place.