Abstract:

Digital transformation has become one of the key directions of public administration modernization in contemporary states. The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) has significantly changed the way public institutions operate and deliver services to citizens. This article aims to analyze the process of digital transformation in public administration in Poland and to identify the most important legal and organizational challenges associated with this process. The study focuses on selected digital public services, including the Trusted Profile (Profil Zaufany), the mObywatel application, and the e-Delivery system, which constitute essential elements of Poland’s digital government ecosystem. The research is based on the doctrinal legal method and an analysis of academic literature, legal acts, policy documents, and reports concerning the digitalization of public administration in Poland and the European Union. The findings indicate that digital transformation contributes to improving the accessibility and efficiency of public services, simplifying administrative procedures, and strengthening communication between citizens and public authorities. At the same time, the study demonstrates that the implementation of digital technologies is accompanied by significant challenges related to cybersecurity, personal data protection, interoperability of information systems, digital competences, and organizational adaptation. Particular attention is devoted to the growing importance of cybersecurity in the context of increasing cyber threats and the implementation of the NIS2 Directive. The article concludes that the future effectiveness of digital government in Poland will depend on the ability of public institutions to combine technological innovation with legal compliance, organizational readiness, and inclusive access to public services.