Abstract:

The environmental characteristics of the production processes of modern economies, striving to implement the demands of sustainable development, is becoming an increasingly important factor shaping their competitive position on the international market. This is due to the fact that pro-ecological production features are directly linked to the level of environmental costs generated and integrated economic costs (throughout the supply chain of the economic system.) Economy capable of producing more environmentally friendly products throughout their life cycle or at least in its selected stages (characterized by In the literature on economics and in public and scientific discourse, attention is increasingly paid to the ecological factor as one of the most important elements of building a competitive advantage. and modernity of a given economy. "Progressive economic systems" putting "on an integrated environmental policy, accentuating thinking in terms of an ecological life cycle, gain advantages in its key phases that determine the future relationship of manufactured (within them) products with the environment.