Abstract:

This paper examines unemployment among genders by education attainment in Spain, Switzerland and the European Union. Our empirical analysis has been carried out using unit-root tests with analysis of the structural breaks. The paper examines the validity of hysteresis in gender unemployment gap by education attainment and analyzes their persistence and influence of the random shocks. Our analysis confirms females in analyzed countries are still at a disadvantage compared to men, random economic shocks have low or nonexistent impact on the gender gap in our analyzed countries and their impact has been just temporary. It appears inequality between genders is low and stationary.