Abstract:

The aim of the study was to analyze the readability and emotional impact of headlines about food recalls and their impact on communication effectiveness. The study included 27 headlines, collected in 2025 which were assessed for readability (scale 1–7) and the presence of emotions (including fear, sadness, anger, disgust, anticipation, joy).

The results indicate that most headlines are characterized by high readability (average of approximately 2.6–2.8), which is due to the use of simple language, direct address to the recipient, and clear calls to action. The most understandable and engaging headlines are those containing specific instructions (e.g., "do not consume," "throw away") and a personalization element (e.g., "do you have this product at home?").

The emotional analysis revealed a predominance of negative emotions, primarily fear, sadness, and anger. Of these, fear plays a key role in attracting attention and increasing risk perception, while anger promotes mobilization for action. In turn, the presence of positive or ambiguous emotions (e.g., joy or anticipation) reduces the clarity and effectiveness of the message. The study results show that effective communication about food recalls relies on a combination of high readability and a well-targeted emotional message. Headlines that combine simple language with a clear signal of threat and urgency are most effective in attracting attention and prompting consumers to take appropriate action.