Abstract:

The integration of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles into food and agricultural systems is increasingly recognized as a crucial element in addressing global challenges related to food security, climate change, and socio-economic inequality. Agriculture, as a sector that contributes significantly to resource use and carbon emissions, is simultaneously highly vulnerable to climate shocks, land degradation, and market pressures. Accordingly, ESG implementation offers a holistic framework that unites environmental conservation, social equity, and transparent governance in building resilient food systems.

This review analyzes diverse conceptual frameworks, technological innovations, and policy initiatives that drive ESG integration in agriculture. Global examples—including soybean supply chain governance in Brazil, green taxonomy in Russia, agro-ecological modernization in China, and paddy sector management in Malaysia—illustrate how ESG can be translated into practical strategies. The role of technology is emphasized, including precision agriculture, blockchain for supply chain transparency, biodiversity monitoring tools, and water and waste management technologies supporting the circular economy.

The findings conclude that ESG must be mainstreamed through national policy, digital innovation, and sustainable financing, with particular emphasis on the inclusion of smallholder farmers. Future trajectories rely on adaptive governance, cross-border collaboration, and green innovation that balance productivity with ecological sustainability. With a comprehensive ESG framework, the agricultural sector can evolve into one that is more resilient, equitable, and aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).