Abstract:

The growing demand for monitoring various types of physical parameters and environmental data means that wireless sensor networks (WSN) are becoming more and more popular. A sensor ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices designated to collect, send and act on data they acquire from their environments. That concept, also known as Internet of Things (IoT), is an important subject of many research centers. However, working with a very large number of devices with constrained power level, limited computational capabilities and processing of huge amounts of data is a big challenge. In case of wireless devices there are also access control to the channel, minimization of energy consumption and stable connectivity maintenance. The article presents various range of technologies designed for sensor networks able to establish long-range communication links. Depending on the application, factors such as range, data requirements, security, power demands and battery life will dictate the choice of the technology.