Abstract:

Equipment downtime caused by equipment failure, human error, and operational instability can disrupt production, delay orders, increase operating costs, and compromise workplace safety. While unplanned downtime can result in substantial financial losses, its impact can be mitigated through a comprehensive strategy that integrates maintenance, employee training, and spare parts inventory management. Although organizations increasingly recognize the value of preventive and predictive maintenance, decisionmakers continue to face the challenge of determining the optimal allocation of resources among these three interdependent factors.