Abstract:

The problems of external labor migration are very relevant in the world as a whole and in Europe, in particular, the population of Ukraine is actively involved in international labor migration processes. For Ukraine, this issue has acquired particular relevance over the past two decades, but the problem has intensified since 2014. This was facilitated by the political, socio-economic conditions prevailing in Ukraine during this period. The largest number of Ukrainian labor migrants go to Poland and the Czech Republic, Russia, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Germany. The main regions supplying Ukrainian labor migrants are the western regions of Ukraine: Lviv, Zakarpattya, Volyn, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk and Rivne regions. A significant problem is the underestimation of Ukrainian labor migrants by statistical services, through a high proportion of illegal labor migrants, as well as legal labor migrants who are not registered with the official migration authorities of Ukraine. Most Ukrainian labor migrants work in construction and home care. Other important employment sectors are trade, agriculture, industry, transport and communications. Ukrainian labor migrants win competition because of lower wages, to which they agree, and a wider range of work performed.