Abstract:

Growing urbanization increases municipal solid waste, demanding efficient and environmentally compliant waste management systems. Like the European Green Deal, stricter regulations mandate emission reductions and a transition toward cleaner vehicle technologies for municipal fleets. This paper introduces a novel mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for the Multi- Period Utilization and Fleet Transition Optimization Problem (MPUFTOP), aiming to minimize the total discounted costs of vehicle purchasing and retrofitting over a planning horizon. It ensures compliance with emission limits and operational requirements with increasing service demand. The model integrates the optimization of purchasing new vehicles and retrofitting existing ones, offering flexibility for different pollutants, and incorporating budget constraints in an extended version. The MPUFTOP model’s practical applicability is demonstrated through two realistic use cases using data from the Kraków metropolitan area. This work provides a valuable decision support tool for municipalities planning sustainable fleet transitions in line with environmental goals and operational needs.