Abstract:

For a short period of its existence, educational ratings have become a significant factor in evaluating the activities of universities. Nowadays they are one of the main tools in the competition of higher education institutions. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodology for building a ranking of universities by professional orientation. The object of this study was Russian higher education institutions. The subject of this study is the process of rating universities. The information base of the study is normative documents, statistical data, educational, methodological, scientific, and practical materials on the topic of the study, materials of official websites of various ratings, local regulatory acts of universities, etc. This article discusses methodological approaches to the construction of various international educational ratings, their classification is carried out, the advantages and disadvantages of various methods of rating universities are identified. Conducting the study we proceeded from the working hypothesis that the current world ratings do not take into account the specifics of the national educational systems of different countries and do not fully suit the professional orientation of certain groups of higher educational institutions. The results of the study are the proposed classification of rating methods of tertiary education institutions, a generalization of the advantages and disadvantages of individual international methods for constructing educational ratings, and the developed author's methodology for rating building by professional orientation. These results have practical use not only for specific educational institutions but also for several other interested users: entrants, students, graduates, employers, etc.