Abstract:

The present paper proposes the presentation and analysis of the structural-functional state of the natural aquatic ecosystems in the Republic of Moldova. The aim of the paper is to study the ichthyofauna of the natural aquatic ecosystems and to forward a comparative analysis from the point of view of the role that each river plays in the ecosystem. The status of the environmental factors and stability are determined by structural-functional status indices that directly or indirectly influence the ichthyofaunistic diversity. In most ichthyocenoses of the natural aquatic ecosystems in the Republic of Moldova, the species with vital cycle are dominant, along with a massive degradation of the population with a long life cycle. In all natural aquatic ecosystems, the richest diversity of ichthyofaunistic and fishery production is found in the lower courses of the Dniester River and the Prut River due to the ecotone zone. As for the diversity of the fish population (sabre carp, ide, streber, common nase, Romanian barbel, burbot), the Prut river significantly exceeds the Dniester river, which denotes a less pronounced anthropogenic phenomenon of the Prut river compared the Dniester River. An essential factor in maintaining a multidisciplinary fishery production is the systematic water quality monitoring meant to exclude excessive mineralization or pollution, a biological improvement, and a populating with spawns that would change today’s unfavourable situation.