Abstract:

This study aimed to examine students’ perceptions towards the behaviours (i.e. facial expressions and gestures) of pedagogical agents (PAs) in mathematics learning. Students were exposed to PAs in the learning of mathematics. At the end of the study, questionnaires were distributed to collect their perceptions towards PAs’ behaviours in learning. Most of the students in this study did not prefer having both the facial expressions and gestures in their learning. They preferred facial expressions more as compared to gestures.Pedagogical agent (PA) refers to an animated lifelike agent which is used to facilitate learning for students in computer-based learning environment. It interacts with users either via speech (Baylor, 2005; Theodoidou, 2011; Veletsianos, 2010) or on-screen text (Baylor, 2005; Schroeder, Adesope, & Gilbert, 2013).