Abstract:

The aim of the article is to present a systemic and cybernetic approach which is supplemented by a praxeological theory of human action in the context of creating theoretical framework for the analysis of the issues connected with management sciences. To achieve this goal, the essence of management sciences and the object had to be established with the consideration of the concept of organisation as a specific system capable of action.

In the deliberations presented in the article, a systemic analysis of organisation was used for identification of its structure and a cybernetic approach was applied in order to describe control processes that take place in it. Moreover, due to the assumption stating that a constructive element of management is human occurrence in the system, basic praxeological postulates were also accepted which mark a starting point for the analysis of uncertainty issues in management. In the scope of defining concepts, the efforts were made to achieve maximum accurateness through accepting assumptions characteristic to methodology based on analytical philosophy. 

The result of the research demonstrated in the article was a precise statement of such fundamental concepts as organisation, management, management system, or management function according to a systemic approach. Afterwards, being in possession of an adequate terminological convention, a universal model of organisation in cybernetic terms was shown. In this model, basic elements, flows of information and flows of energy and resources were identified and described. Accepting functional and praxeological character of organisation as a system, the essence and elementary causes of uncertainty in management processes were established.

In the article, a concept of management was introduced which uses a systemic approach and a cybernetic modelling for a specific class of systems that include people as elements. These systems in a praxeological sense are systems capable of acting. Accepting praxeological and systemic perspectives together with the principles of cybernetic modelling allowed to perform an original synthesis of knowledge from the scope of management sciences and keep the balance between methodological individualism characteristic to reflexion on human actions and a holistic and multi-perspective perception of the whole which is a basis of a systems theory and engineering. In addition, such a synthesis includes previous research and terminological traditions in the management sciences to the maximum extent.