Abstract:

Purpose – The aim of this article is to examine the epidemiological circumstances characteristic of pandemic periods and to evaluate the transformations occurring within health systems concerning the extent and structure of health expenditures.

Research method – To accomplish the objectives of this study, research methodologies grounded in inductive reasoning were employed, encompassing literature reviews, analysis of health reports, exploration of online resources, and examination of accessible databases.

 Results – Based on the data extracted from the previously mentioned sources, secondary research was carried out, encompassing a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological, health, and economic conditions of European Union countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The period was characterized by a rise in mortality rates and the incidence of excess deaths. In 2021, the epidemiological situation reached its lowest point, with the average fatality rate among individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 at 10.5%, and eleven countries experienced mortality rates above the norm. Within the timeframe of the study, excess deaths were observed in 17 out of 27 nations in the EU, with the number of excess deaths exceeding reported COVID-19 death figures by 22%. The analysis illustrates a link between the pandemic and increased health expenditures, with average spending relative to GDP increasing by one percentage point, while expenditure per capita rose by approximately 10%.

Originality  / value  / implications  / recommendations – Further research is essential with in-depth analyses covering the transformations in health systems as a consequence of the COVID-19 epidemic. These analyses should include a detailed examination of the factors that have contributed to the increased mortality rates observed in certain European Union countries during the period from 2020 to 2021, as well as an identification of the statistical relationships between the pandemic and the rise in health-related expenditures.