Abstract:

Global digital transformation in the retail sector and the rapid growth of e-commerce, intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, are causing fundamental changes in urban spatial organization and the economic geography of goods flows (Rosca et al., 2024). With these changes arises the need to reorganize and adapt urban space to new logistical requirements. This trend intensifies distribution problems and contributes to the emergence of negative externalities such as traffic congestion, accidents, noise, and air pollution, including CO₂ emissions.(Rosca et al., 2024; Sawik, 2024).

In response to these challenges and to increase the efficiency and sustainability of delivery processes, innovative and economically effective logistics solutions such as automated parcel lockers are being sought (Schnieder, 2024; Sina Mohri, Nassir, et al., 2024).