Abstract:

The article examines how coal quality and availability affect the efficiency of distribution strategies in the Polish hard coal mining sector during the 2022 energy crisis. Based on semi-structured interviews with managers from all operational mining enterprises in Poland, the study analyzes how companies adapted to resource constraints and market volatility. Findings show that coal quality influences customer satisfaction and distribution efficiency, while availability affects inventory and supply chain resilience. Four inventory management strategies were identified. Intermediaries enhance product customization and flexibility. Proactive planning is essential for operational continuity. Despite limitations, the study provides recommendations to optimize inventory, use intermediaries, and tailor coal blends, offering a foundation for further research on declining markets and energy security.