Abstract:

The modern development of the human capital of countries is characterized by an increase in the processes of intellectual migration, which leads to the destabilization of the economic development of the country as a whole and the intensification of social inequality. Therefore, the “brain drain” is not becoming a regional or sectoral task, but a nationwide problem of destabilizing the state of national labor markets. The need to solve this problem actualizes the study to identify the main causes of intellectual migration. The aim of the study is to analyze the main causes of brain drain, such as wage differentiation and social inequality. Among the main reasons for the increase in migration flows are the differentiation of wages and low living standards. Moreover, in different areas of activity, the level of wage differentiation is significantly different, which indicates the instability of migration flows depending on qualifications and specialization. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the main stream of intellectual migration is directed to the countries of Western Europe and the USA, since the level of wages in these countries is more than three times higher.