Abstract:

Under the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and the European Green Deal, Agri-Environment-Climate Schemes (AECS) represent pivotal governance instruments to halt biodiversity loss and enhance agroecosystem resilience against climate change. Historically, conventional Romanian and European agri-environmental support has relied on prescriptive, action-based mechanisms (such as fixed mowing calendars and strict input restrictions). However, modern agricultural management increasingly advocates for Result-Based Payment (RBP) schemes, which reward ecological outcomes directly. This study examines the comparative effectiveness, economic perception, and governance barriers associated with the transition toward result-oriented agri-environmental frameworks in Romania. By evaluating empirical survey data collected from pilot programs implemented in Pogány-Havas and Târnava Mare (RBP models) versus action-based beneficiaries in Vicovul de Jos (APIA standard contracts), we assess farmers' behavioral responses, climate awareness, and institutional constraints. The findings indicate that while farmers acknowledge climate risks and value operational autonomy under result-based frameworks, significant structural bottlenecks persist, notably indicator species identification gaps, bureaucratic rigidity, and insufficient economic incentives. The paper proposes strategic management recommendations to integrate hybrid agri-climate payment mechanisms into the National Strategic Plan (PNS), balancing environmental monitoring efficiency with socio-economic viability for rural land managers.