Abstract:

Lean thinking is a philosophy based on the concepts of lean production (Sacks et al , 2010 ). Lean production management principles were developed by Toyota led by engineer Ohno who has focused his efforts into finding ways to convert waste ‘muda’ into value, and to alter attentions and thoughts from the narrow focus of craft production on worker productivity and mass production on machine to the entire production system (Womack & Jones, 1996; Howell and Lichtig, 2008 )