Abstract:

The term "drone" refers to a remotely piloted system, capable of carrying a payload, of different shapes according to needs and equipped with a more or less advanced level of AI (artificial intelligence) depending on the models and applications for which it is intended. This level of AI allows it to be partially or totally independent of human actions to carry out its missions, which have a direct or indirect impact on the environment. Thus, UAVs can be grouped into three main categories (Land UAVs, MARITIME UAVS, Aerial UAVs), depending on the environment in which they operate. In this paper, we focus on aerial UAVs. They are by far the best known and most widespread, both in the civilian and military fields. These drones are widely used to perform a wide variety of tasks: surveillance, destruction of ground targets, video and photo shooting, three-dimensional reconstruction, inspection, terrain reconnaissance, etc. Their characteristics are extremely varied, ranging from a very small number of drones to a large number of drones. Their characteristics are extremely varied, ranging from simple remote-controlled drones with a 50-centimetre wingspan to fully autonomous stealth drones with a wingspan of ten metres or more.