Abstract:

The article provides a theoretical analysis of vertical gender segregation in the Polish labor market. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, the primary forms of manifestation of this phenomenon are investigated, in particular, the phenomena of the "glass ceiling" and "sticky floor." Social stereotypes, institutional restrictions, and features of the professional trajectory of women that determine their underrepresentation in management positions are considered. Polish indicators are compared with European Union countries' data, particularly about women's participation in top management and political representation. Special attention is paid to the impact of European directives and policies on overcoming vertical segregation. An analytical framework is proposed that allows the integration of structural feminism, theories of social construction, and quantitative indicators (Gender Equality Index, Eurostat, and UN Women statistics) into the study of the problem. The conclusion is drawn about the need for a comprehensive approach to overcoming vertical gender inequality through political, educational, and cultural changes.